Plan for ecological communities
Native plants evolved to grow in community assemblages that perform complementary functions. Wherever possible, consider planting groups of species that would naturally occur together.
Native Plants
Image credits: Shira Bezalel, SFEI
Native plants have grown in a particular region, ecosystem, or habitat type over thousands of years and have naturally evolved to form symbiotic relationships with native wildlife. In North America, native plants are often defined as those present prior to European settlement. They define and structure native habitat types while providing diverse native wildlife support and human health benefits.
Biodiversity role:
Native plants themselves are a key component of urban biodiversity and often have specialized relationships with native wildlife. They facilitate wildlife movement through an urban landscape better than exotic plants and support local pollinators and other insects. Since they are adapted to the local climate, they may be more tolerant of local conditions (including drought).
Human health role:
Native plants contribute to overall biodiversity, which has some direct health benefits. Studies have shown an association between native flowering plants and decreased allergen sensitivity, as well as higher overall plant species richness and improved psychological wellbeing. Native plants can also contribute to a sense of place.
Key tensions and tradeoffs:
Non-native plants may better support human health. For example, though trees may not be native to deserts, they can provide protection from heat. Exotic plantings may also be easier to maintain with urban infrastructure constraints. Use of native plants as an alternative to turfgrass and ornamentals may have a higher initial maintenance cost but often requires less maintenance long term.
